surrogate mothers Essay -- essays research papers

A Surrogate Mother is characterized as â€Å"an grown-up lady who goes into a consent to shoulder a kid imagined through helped origination for planned parents.† The couple is generally alluded to as proposed guardians who go into an understanding giving that they will be the guardians of a kid destined to a proxy through helped origination, utilizing an egg or sperm of in any event one parent. 1 RIGHT - Surrogate parenthood is a privilege qualified for the individuals who are prepared and ready to assume on the liability of parenthood. Proxy moms fills a crucial human yearning. Multiplication is a crude nature, and to numerous individuals it is wrecking not to have the option to become guardians Surrogate parenthood is an answer for this deep rooted issue. Indeed, even in the book of scriptures, Abraham and Sarah turned to a "surrogate mother" that created their child Ishmael. 2NEED †Surrogate parenthood fills a requirement for barren couples. 2.4 million fruitless wedded American couples. It is evaluated that one of every six couples are influenced by some level of fruitlessness. Numerous individuals are wedding later and are deferring having kids. After age 45, about 95% of ladies can't consider all alone. Substitute moms likewise fill the requirement for non-customary families including the gay and lesbian populace just as single heteros. ISSUES OF COMMERCIAL SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD In spite of the fact that remuneration probably won't be the fundamental thought process in surrogacy, by making pay illicit, it might diminish the amt. of substitutes accessible A few people may allude to substitute parenthood as â€Å"baby selling† yet proxy moms are not selling the youngster †they are simply offering an assistance Clinical Ethics educator at University of Texas expressed, â€Å" Baby selling is you have a conceived kid that is offered to someone else. Here we’re discussing understandings made before origination has even happened where there is no current kid. Furthermore, the qualities, on account of gestational surrogacy, are being given by the couple that is employing the substitute, subsequently, one might say, it is their hereditary child.† - the charge paid to the proxy mother isn't for the infant †it repays her for her time and exertion, starting and conveying the pregnancy, conceiving an offspring, tolerating the dangers of pregnancy and labor (torment, sadness, rest aggravations), and conceivable loss of business openings This $$ is in many cases seen as a blessing to r... ...inancial Reply Children’s Reaction †my folks truly needed me or â€Å"I could have had a disease† Just 1% of every single substitute mother adjust their perspective and need to keep the infant when contrasted with 75% of birth moms who alter their perspectives in a customary selection The individuals who have battled so difficult to imagine their own kid are likely the best possibility to be acceptable guardians, not the most exceedingly awful The American Fertility Society and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists have perceived fruitlessness as an infection. The resolutions that are planned permit the surrogacy alternative just for the individuals who are influenced with a medicinally perceived handicap. Infant M †a mental assessment indicated that Mary Beth Whitehead would have an issue surrendering the youngster, yet he office dealing with the exchange didn't try to peruse the report. $$$ - a few offices necessitate that their substitute candidates have some base family pay level before being acknowledged into their program. $$$Money is an inspiration simply like it would be in different circumstances in which individuals are paid to be proxy guardians (caretakers, laborers in day care focuses, non-permanent parents, and educators in primary schools)

Organizational Response to Internal and External Challenges Research Paper

Hierarchical Response to Internal and External Challenges - Research Paper Example There are numerous difficulties that are experienced by different associations and each challenge needs its own answer - each challenge is dealt with diversely and remarkably from others. A portion of the difficulties may incorporate mechanical headway, change in customers’ inclination, swelling, misrepresentation, expanding neighborhood and worldwide rivalry, globalization, decreasing cost structures and monetary emergency among others (Cathy and Tim, 2008). Numerous associations think that its hard to make due in the present business condition with its mechanical progression. This implies all aspects of association needs to keep up the pace at which innovation propels for reasonable development and seriousness. Albeit current innovation is commonly viewed as adequate to go for, it generally presents a test to associations in that it comes at a greater expense of appropriation and complexity. Foolish and Willmott (2010) clarify that not exclusively is the underlying cost costly yet in addition the support and running costs that make it hard to receive and keep up. The short life expectancy of mechanical developments additionally implies that organizations and associations need to put a lot in refreshing of current innovation to the most present for pertinence purposes. The principle purpose behind going the advanced mechanical route is to offer significant administrations which are perfect with the cultural needs and to be savvy over the long haul. An association ought to consistently screen the outside condition for any developing innovation that has the capability of changing the manner in which it works consequently the reason for rivalry. This can help in recognizable proof of the most difficulties that develop regularly with Information Technology. A portion of these innovations when adjusted may mean loss of employments for people for example when the work area came, numerous typists who didn't refresh their abilities lost their positions. Ragg (2011) battles that beneficiaries or shoppers of the organizations’ merchandise and ventures additionally offer test to the associations regarding their adjustment in inclinations, different preferences, ways of life and assessments. For example, shoppers can incline toward an item to be wrapped utilizing a polythene material while then again the expense of polythene is higher than that of paper to debilitate its utilization because of natural concerns. The choices left for the business is utilizing the polythene wrapper at that point increment the cost of their item or to keep utilizing non polythene materials and keep up the ware cost while gambling loss of clients. On the off chance that such an association reacts by embracing the main alternative, at that point the outside condition will surfer by accepting non-biodegradable materials. Buyers will likewise encounter significant expense of the item which can imply that the association may lose some of them to its adversaries in view of failure to adapt to the expanded expense. Nearby and worldwide rivalry likewise presents a test to numerous associations. Associations with a similar strategic point and which offer similar merchandise and enterprises are probably going to contend with each other in light of the fact that each puts stock in itself and that it is the best or it tends to be the best among the pack. When one

Tips For Hiring a Dissertation Service

Tips For Hiring a Dissertation ServiceWriting dissertation service is one of the key steps in obtaining a PhD. A dissertation is considered to be the last part of the program and it is very important as a dissertation is the source of information about the dissertation. A PhD thesis and the author's academic research are put into the focus of a dissertation and it is through this that the applicant will be judged by his/her peers.Duties for writing dissertation vary with the subjects being studied. Subjects are very diverse from one school of the other. One can find different tasks for writing dissertation and you will therefore need to select the one that best suits your needs. You should also plan your schedule in order to be able to write your dissertation within time limitations.When deciding on which task to do, you will have to think if you can spare some time to write the dissertation. It is not a difficult task but it requires you to be quite creative to provide sufficient wr iting ideas to the topic. You should have a passion for the subject matter before you can successfully write your dissertation.If you find it hard to write your dissertation, then you should hire a dissertation service. One of the ways to find dissertation service is to ask for a list of references. A dissertation service must be credible so that you can trust them and be at ease with them. You should be able to gauge their integrity in terms of their services.Good dissertation service is reliable and it should offer quality work. They should be able to publish your thesis, which would give a good reputation to the service. Before choosing any service, you should also inquire about their deadline, charges, samples of previous publications and even testimonials.The rates charged should be affordable. Some might have exclusivity and a fixed price, while others charge depending on the number of pages you want. Rates can be different for different universities, so it is important to com pare the prices to find the one that is convenient to you. Some services will also cover you fees for any research that is required.Writing a dissertation is not as easy as writing a paper or for working on your own. You have to be careful about grammar and spelling. The whole idea of a dissertation is to convince your peers that your research is superior to the other papers and hence you have to make sure that the content is accurate and at par with the competition.To ensure that your dissertation is well written, you should consider hiring a dissertation service. The best way to choose a service is to ask for samples of previous work, which would also give you a hint as to their service.

Essay on Suicide as Escape from Reality - 1315 Words

Suicide has been an ongoing problem among all types of people globally for decades. Throughout the years, the trends of suicide have continued to increase. Although this trend of suicide has many causes and can be difficult to know what the exact source is, the number one cause of suicides is untreated depression which may result from a mental health problem, personal life issues, or even genetic and family history. According to Befrienders, suicide rates have increased 60% over the past 45 years. Suicide rates can be divided among many different categories such as race, religion, gender, and age. Although 55% of suicides occur between the ages of 15 and 44 years and 45% of suicides are over 45 years, the greatest increasing rate is†¦show more content†¦Many mental illnesses can be linked to the result of suicide such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorder, anorexia, and anxiety disorder to name a few. Almost all of those who attempt or di e from suicide are believed to have at least one mental condition. When it comes to depression, this is a combination of symptoms that cause problems and restrict individuals with their life. Research shows that severe depression is twenty times more likely to cause someone to attempt suicide. Bipolar disorder affects a person’s mood, going from extremely happy to extremely low. It has been found that one of every three people with bipolar disorder with attempt suicide at least once. Schizophrenia causes people to see things that are not real and believe things that are not true as well changes in their behavior. Those with schizophrenia have the most risk of suicide during the first appearance of symptoms but the risk lessens once they are able to manage their issues. Anorexia, an eating disorder limiting what a person eats, is projected that one in five people will attempt suicide. Lastly, anxiety is a general disorder that simply gives a person repetitive stress an d uneasiness (Suicide Statistics). Some individuals are not able to cope with their illness and seek a way out. Unfortunately for some, suicide seems to be their only escape mechanism. Mental illnesses, especially when left untreated,Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Robert Smith And Solomon All In Song Of Solomon1267 Words   |  6 Pagesat with suspicion and envy by the rest of the community. With nothing to work for, suicide, escape and abandonment were common in black communities. However, stemming from the plight of the Igbos hundreds of years ago who â€Å"flew all the way back to Africa,† committing suicide, escaping from white rule and abandoning their families, oppressed blacks regarded suicide, escape and abandonment as a way to â€Å"fly away† from the horrors faced in their life. It changed the normally depressing action into aRead MoreSuicidal Behavior And Suicidal Ideation1321 Words   |  6 Pagesadults†. In fact, globally, suicide impacts adolesce nts making it the second leading cause of death. As a result, researchers continue examining aspects associated with suicide attempts fir preventative purposes. Furthermore, understanding the definition a suicide attempt in adolescents helps bring clarity to the importance of this issue. Anju and Subha define an adolescent suicide attempt as â€Å"am adolescent (13-19 years of age) who had made a deliberate act serious arm of suicide, researchers continueRead MoreArthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagesplay, Willy has delusional episodes of past events in life, which he believes he is reliving, and these flashbacks are providing him an escape from dealing with the obstacles he is facing in life. The reader discovers that Willy is having an affair with a mistress titled The Woman, and he retreats to memories of their time together for an ego boost, though in reality he is arguing with his sons. Willy has an encounter with his brother Ben at the same time t hat he is playing cards with his neighbourRead More Willy Loman as Coward in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman876 Words   |  4 Pagesseparate the brave souls from the cowards. Mark Twain once said, Courage is resistance to fear; mastery of fear, not absence of fear (Twain 6). In Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman fears rejection by his son, Biff, and the business world. His fears master him, creating in him a fantasy world of life as it was eighteen years ago. Willy’s avoidance of reality and his suicide show his cowardice. However, the emphasis he puts on financial success prevents him from realizing the consequencesRead MoreSocial Perspective In Hamlet Essay1340 Words   |  6 Pagesvengeance, Hamlet’s father tries to convince him to kill Claudius. Claudius, on the other hand, presses Hamlet from the opposite side to fulfill his own visions for him. In Hamlet, society, as exemplified by his father and Claudius, causes Hamlet much distre ss as he’s torn between two versions of who he could be. This leads him to explore the act of suicide as an option to escape the new realities of his problematic existence. Ultimately, Hamlet’s realization and acceptance that it is impossible to meetRead MoreEthan Frome Free Will Analysis757 Words   |  4 Pagesthe novel Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton, Ethan Frome conflicts with fate and free will. His fate being with his lifelong wife Zeena and him staying on the farm. His newfound free will being Mattie, Zeenas cousin. Ethan believes his free will comes from being with Mattie. He continues doing his farm work and stays with the woman he had married in an act to repay a family debt. In the book he thinks â€Å" And what of Zeena’s fate? Farm and mill were mortgaged to the limit of their value, and even if sheRead MoreThe Death Of Dying Is Never Lovely1173 Words   |  5 Pages A Barrier to Death Dying is never lovely. Mary Roach, defines in her essay, â€Å"Don’t Jump†, the mania from the sensation of her dropping from a precipice. The fall would have resulted in certain death if not for the attached cable halting her torso, SPLAT! Suggesting in the essay, â€Å"That jumping-off San Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge would be a lovely way to go† (Roach, 2001). There are people that are desperate in life and choose this picturesque setting; the beauty of protruding boulders stippledRead More An Abstract View of Death in Mrs.Dalloway and The Hours Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesMissing In Mrs. Dalloway and The Hours contradictory and almost altered views of death are presented. Virginia Woolf and Michael Cunningham portray death as escape for some, but an entrapment for others. It is no longer treated as a subject to worry about or fear, which society now views it as. A line from Shakespeares Cymbeline, Fear no more the heat o the sun / Nor the furious winter rages, sums up what the authors of Mrs. Dalloway and The Hours are trying to conveyRead MoreThe Suicide, By Octavia Butler1597 Words   |  7 Pagesthe article â€Å"Suicide† on the Opposing Viewpoints website they state â€Å"Each year, about thirty thousand people in the United States commit suicide† (â€Å"Suicide†).I chose the theme of violence from the novel Kindred, written by the author Octavia Butler. A specific issue that arose within this theme is the act of suicide. Webster Dictionary defines suicide as the act of intentionally causing one s own death. Suicide is the escape route out of many situations their victims can’t fight. Suicide goes backRead MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide983 Words   |  4 Pages People have different perspectives and views on Euthanasia or Physician-assisted suicide and how they should or should not be legal. In some cases people feel as if the patient who are suffering from a terminal painful disease should have the right to commit suicide in other cases people feel as if the patient is being selfish to end their life when you have loved ones that are going to suffer because they killed themselves. People feel it should or should not be legal because of right to die,

Power Of Culture On Public Displays Of Affection - 1423 Words

Power of Culture on Public Displays of Affection: An Observation How do you display affection? Some people detest PDA – public displays of affection – with a furious passion whereas others embrace their fondness and feelings to their partner in public. What causes this disparity in sentiments towards displays of romance? Are characterizations of affection defined by bodies of location, culture, and time? To begin developing theories regarding those topics, a pair of observations was conducted in a local park investigating couples and their presentations of romance. By analyzing the parkgoers’ reaction to public displays of affection in Deep Cove, a deeper understanding of how culture influences affection and romance can be hypothesized.†¦show more content†¦The first observation occurred during an unusually warm autumn afternoon. Clear, blue skies illuminated the park as red, orange, yellow, and brown leaves distinctively marked the ground. Vibrant activ ity and noise permeated throughout the park: hikers, kayakers, paddle-boarders, and dog-walkers, the park was bustling with people. Moreover, many couples were present. Data collection, therefore, went incredibly smoothly during that day. In fact, many observations were missed due to the overwhelming amount of activity happening. Within a week’s time, the weather quickly changed. The amount of data collected during the second observation, therefore, significantly decreased compared to that of the first outing. Temperatures dropped 20 °C and the clear blue sky was replaced with a dull grey fog. Along with the early wave of winter weather, flurries of snow gently immersed the sky before melting on contact with the ground. Unsurprisingly, the park was empty and almost no data regarding affection and romance was collected. As a result, most of my analysis and reflection will describe events observed during the first observation. Before analyzing the circumstances at play during the observations, it is necessary to describe how I characterized the sexuality and sexual identity of the observed couples. The sexuality of those engaging in public displays of affection was based off traits that constitute the sexual identity of the lovers. ToShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Citadel1279 Words   |  6 Pagesor showing any type of unmanly emotion. As a whole, the public does not realize that society has a tremendous impact on the actions of men. Because of these expectations held, men are forced to become the image that the world views as proper. Using James C. Scotts essay, Domination and the Arts of Resistance, and Susan Faludis, The Naked Citadel, the connection between the image that men are expected to maintain by the general public and the behavior of the cadets at the Citadel is revealedRead MoreEssay on Truly a Great Disappointment Questions1103 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement styles of two distinct nation al cultures? What other factors could be influencing attitudes displayed in the case study? Austrian Communication French Communication Austrian’s enjoy quiet and privacy French bosses favour a dictatorial and authoritative leadership style Austrian behaviour in public is usually reserved and formal French express themselves with more gestures and emphasis Public displays of affection limited Public displays of affection emphasised Personal contact is rare betweenRead MoreThe Importance Of Choosing And Completing An Experiential Learning Task1662 Words   |  7 Pageswould you realize? Habits have this insurmountable power that can shape every aspect of our lives. From the way we dress, to what we eat, to how we communicate can all reflect back to comfort, personality, and routine with controlling aspects in our lives. We act this way because society believes it is acceptable or we dress this way to remain professional in the workplace. It’s possible this thought process could be translated towards culture since this identifiable factors can relate to our personalRead MoreAnalysis of Desiree’s Baby by Kate Chopin1328 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship structure to occur and helped shape the events following the discovery of the child being black. Armand’s role of master over the plantation workers was based on skin color and his birthright to the plantation which was reflective of South ern culture during the time period (Toth). It is abundantly clear that Desiree’s Baby serves as a microcosm of how societal hierarchys and traditions that are rooted in elitist prejudice have a poisoning effect on those who are entangled in their grip. Desiree’sRead MoreGender Inequality In Hamlet1261 Words   |  6 PagesAs I perused through CNN, an article titled â€Å"Why China has so few female leaders† caught my attention. According to the article, The Baju Culture, discriminatory policy and the anti-feminism were the reasons China only had two female leaders. However, when observing the world trend, it seems many opportunities and resources are granted to women. Many articles of The New York Times reveal young women as being less dependent on men, higher achievers, ahead of men in education, receiving higher earningsRead MoreThe History and Patterns of Interracial Marriage and Families in the United States1229 Words   |  5 PagesLovings, aided by the American Civil Liberties Union, who able to overturn the law, arguing that it violated their Fourteenth Amendment rights. Different generations within the US public have very differing views of interracial couples, usually a polarized view of either cultural con servatism or egalitarianism. But the public at large has still yet to overcome the taboo, part of the reason behind the currently small rates of interracial marriages. Even though, since the courts decision, America hasRead MoreGay Marriage Shouldn t Be Something That The State Is Against Seeing As It1675 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst seeing as it is a personal matter. Gay and lesbian people are well-abiding citizens that are productive members of society so why shouldn’t they be afforded the rights the so many others enjoy in this country? The focal points of American culture are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness so it’s interesting to see that in Texas that statement has apparent limitations. Throughout the different parts of America there are many examples of subliminal discrimination against the LGBT CommunityRead MoreInfluence Of Media On Adolescents933 Words   |  4 Pagesmedia, sexualized intimate behaviors take place in the public sphere every day a s well. Sexual media content is frequently held accountable for minors’ early engagement in sexual activities. While there are large amounts of research on the influence of media on adolescents, there is a deficiency of investigation of media impact on adults, in addition to the insufficient amount of research on people’s attitudes toward public display of affection (PDA). With the shortage of observation in these areasRead MoreAashirya Is A Charismatic And Energetic 58 Year Indian Woman Working1635 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity. She believed in honoring her religious beliefs, its customs, and traditions. Elements of Communication Aashirya’s culture was very different and presented various challenges for some of the people she met. She was fun loving and easy to talk to however some felt that she seemed to disapprove of traditional greetings like shaking hands or forms of affection, (hugging). Indians, conduct handshakes with their right hand; their left hand was used for their toilet routines and as such itRead MoreThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1354 Words   |  6 PagesChinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart describes the colonization of the Ibo tribe by a group of white missionaries. The text details the life of Okonkwo, a successful yam farmer with many wives and great power in his village, from his early adulthood to his untimely death. In the beginning, Achebe presents the readers with Ikemefuna, a young boy from the neighboring Mbaino tribe, sent to Okonkwo’s household as punishment for murdering an Umuofian woman. Ikemefuna integrates into the family rapidly

Examination of the Lovesong of J. Alfred Prufrock - 936 Words

The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock is a long and challenging poem that seems rather disjointed and confusing upon first reading. It seems as though us readers will never understand the deeper meaning of the poem without getting inside Eliots head and seeing his thought process for ourselves. However, through digging deeper and examining the piece closer we can find that this is meant to be an ironic and tragic tale of a man who feels isolated and incapable of decisive action. It is ironically called a love song because Prufrock longs to profess love and affection to a woman, but is too afraid to do it. Prufrock can be viewed as a representative character; whether he is meant to specifically represent the author or mankind in general†¦show more content†¦He rationalizes his fear by assuring himself that if he were to speak to a woman, she would dismiss him and not understand him at all anyway. He declares in line 110 that he is not Prince Hamlet, nor was meant to be (Eliot, l ine 110), but instead views himself to be like Polonius: an old fool who is too afraid to act on anything. Prufrock realizes he is growing old and running out of time to act on his desires. Like many men going through a type of mid-life crisis, he contemplates changing his clothing or hairstyle. In line 124, Prufrock says I have heard the mermaids singing, each to each (Eliot, line 124), which is reminiscent of Odysseus being hypnotized by the song of the sirens. Prufrock then says I do not think that they will sing to me (Eliot, line 125). He has been enchanted by women, but he thinks that they do not want his attention and affections. The final three lines of the poem complete Prufrocks descent into a hell similar to Dantes: he mentions we again, which forces those who have listened to his story to accompany him to his descentÂâ€"like da Montefeltro with DanteÂâ€"so that no one can tell his story to others and embarrass him. Prufrock ends up paralyzed by frustration and desire for all the women who are unattainable to him, and any reminder of the social world he is not part ofÂâ€"the human voices (Eliot, line 131)Ââ€"will drown

Metamorphosis and Death in Venice Essay Example For Students

Metamorphosis and Death in Venice Essay In both Metamorphosis and Death in Venice the authors develop the particular theme of illness by creating two characters whose mental and physical traits continuously change. These metamorphoses allow the protagonists to reveal their true nature and personalities, break through all forms of repression, and reach a self-maturity. Apart from indicating the emotional and mental states of the characters, their illnesses have the purpose of freeing them from what could be defined as a mental prison. The illnesses depicted by Kafka and Mann are very similar for they are both consequences of a long period of constraint for the two protagonists, Gregor and Aschenbach. Gregors repression is determined by two main factors: societys continuous taking advantage of him and his excessive need to satisfy everyone (including his family) except for himself. This can be seen especially when he is described by the author as a mere tool of the chief, spineless and stupid (pg78). Aschenbach, on the contrary, represses his true character and is a slave of conventions and traditions. This aspect is very noticeable in his actions: a sudden pang of delicacy or scandalization, something between respect and shame, caused Aschenbach to turn away as though he had seen nothing, for it goes against the grain of any mature person to exploit, even for private consumption, an accidentally observed moment of passion (pg 170). In this quote one can see how Aschenbach, as Gregor, actually represents the North European bourgeois culture of the early 1900s: repressed. As a consequence, both characters accumulate tension, which they release later on in the plot during their changes. The Websters Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary defines illness as an unhealthy condition of body or mind. The two protagonists created in these novellas are both at extremes, therefore, they are in no way balanced and can be seen as mentally unhealthy. Mental illness is often referred to as when there is no proper equilibrium between logic and emotion. Due to the fact that these characters have always lived at extremes, at the end of the novels they are not able to change moderately; on the contrary, they change drastically and therefore become slightly mad. Thomas Mann describes living at extremes as very dangerous for one can become slave of either part. Although the protagonists repress different aspects of their personality, there seems to be one that is salient in both: rebellion against society and its conventions. In Metamorphosis and Death in Venice, the strength and power of society is continuously emphasized, for it is the main fear of both Aschenbach and Gregor who no longer want to fight it. In Kafkas novella each character represents a different trait of society. In both Manns and Kafkas works, there are various realms of illness that can be linked to each other. The characters, in fact, both start with an emotional or mental disturbance and then pass onto a negative physical mutation. During the early 1900s and late 1800s scientists and psychoanalysts such as Freud elaborated theories explaining that the physical appearance acted as a mirror on our inner state and therefore was affected by our emotional and mental state. Kafka, born during this period of time, chooses to use this theory and transform his character into a bug: Gregor had always seen himself as one and therefore mentally and physically becomes one. This is why when the character wakes up, he doesnt realize that he is no longer a man and continues to use the logic of a human being: the first thing he meant to do was to get up in peace and quiet, get dressed, and most important of all have breakfast; only then would he think about the next steps, for it was clear to him that he would come to no sensible conclusions by meditating in bed (pg 79). It seems, according to the details given in the text, that Gregors mental problems all derive from a clear lack of attention and love, consequence of the presence of an obstinate military father and weak mother who never disagrees with her husband. Aschenbach, on the other hand, begins repressing part of his personality and results in an outburst of transgression. The protagonist passes from

Acf Case O.M. Scott Sons Company Essay Example

Acf Case O.M. Scott Sons Company Paper Estimating Funds Requirements Short-Term Sources of Funds Subject:O. M. Scott Sons Company Problem:Should the O. M. Scott company keep with its Trust Receipt Plan in order to maintain 25% growth rate. Options: 1. Sell receivables to a third party at a discount rate to receive cash. 2. Issue preferred equity to help finance retailers in holding higher Inventory levels 3. Reduce growth rate to a sustainable Recommendation: In order to maintain the 25% growth, we need to first of all, abandon the trust receipt plan which causes sales growth rate to drop ever since implementation. we need to adopt alternative 1 (selling receivables) in order to reduce the cash cycle and free up some cash to meet our short term liabilities. Our external fund needed exceeds the maximum allowed line of credit of 12. 5 million according to the performa for March 1962, which means that we have to also incorporate alternative 2 which is to issue equity to cover for extra fund outside of the limit. Analysis: O. M. Scott Sons (Scott) is a lawn-care company that has its operations centered in Ohio. The company has successful established a customer base and has a positive outlook for future operations. Their goal for future years is to maintain a growth of 25% for sales and income, however, we believe that this is not plausible because receivables are not being collected at a rate that supports the growth in sales. This is the main source of the problem for the company is not getting paid for its inventory until they have been sold by the dealers. We will write a custom essay sample on Acf Case O.M. Scott Sons Company specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Acf Case O.M. Scott Sons Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Acf Case O.M. Scott Sons Company specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This places significant financial strain on the company, as it is responsible for obtaining the finances necessary in order to maintain the inventory levels at each of its 10,000 dealers. Starting with an analysis of the inventory period, we see a poor trend. Logically, the inventory period has also gone from bad to worst. Also alarming are the company’s accounts receivable turnover ratios, decreasing by 72% and its accounts receivable period going up by 253% from 1957 to 1961. What is most interesting is that these numbers were fairly stable prior to 1960, the year the O. M. Scott Sons Co. started implementing its Trust Receipt Plan. Pushing further, the ROA reflects a poor corporate ability to extract value from its assets, as the numbers are getting worst from year to year. The operating cycle was 106. 7 days in 1957, growing by 126% to 241. 3 days by 1961, demonstrating poor management efficiency. The cash cycle was extended by 100 days during the same period, which is not the direction in which you want cash flow to go. The cash cycle needs to be shorter in order to allow cash to flow into the company sooner, easing the financial strain on the company. Regarding profitability, the company’s net income over sales ratio was in an upward trend from ‘57 till ‘59 but dropped as soon as Scott implemented the Trust Receipt Plan. Higher operating expenses as well as interest expenses have had a non negligible impact on bottom line results. The ROE in 1961 is of 13. 53%, down from 19. 98% in 1959, demonstrating that the shareholder’s return is alarmingly going down. To dig deeper into the recent ROE results, we did a Dupont analysis and were able to relate the drop in return to the longer receivables collection and higher inventory levels. In turn, higher inventory levels grossed up total assets and dropped the ROA. A free cash flow model was constructed to further prove our point that the Trust Receipt Plan is not successfully claiming receivables from Scott’s dealers. By looking at the numbers in 1959 and 1960, we see that free cash flow in the company decreased by 72% after the implementation of the Trust Receipt Plan. This further proves our idea that the Trust Receipt Plan is not successful in bringing cash into the company. Despite these negative outcomes from the trust receipt plan, sales have been improving ever since the implementation. This is due to the fact that the trust receipt plan requires trustees to carry enough inventory to match seasonal peak demands as well as the full array of Scott and Son’s products. However, this growth in sales have been dropping ever since the implementation. The market for Scott and Son’s products is estimated to be $100 million yet sales in 1961 reached on $43 million. So the drop in sales growth cannot be explained by a saturated market. It can only be attributed to the trust receipt plan. Based on our analysis, we believe that in order to keep up with the projected 25% growth in sales the O. M. Scott Co. has to abandon its Trust Receipt Plan. There few things that we noticed that can improved with some change to the current plan, below is an analysis of the alternatives we suggested. Alternative 1 An alternative for Scott is to sell its receivables to a third party such as a bank. After implementing the Trust Receipt Plan in 1960, accounts receivables nearly tripled, increasing from $5,788,400 to $15,749,700. Due to this increase, Scott will need to hire additional labour to ensure the collection of their receivables. From, we can clearly see that the Trust Receipt Plan significantly slowed down the collection process for Scott. Scott is able to collect 75% of its receivables in the month it is due, therefore it only needs to sell the rest of the 25% to obtain cash that is equivalent to 100% of its accounts receivables. It is likely that the bank will only buy the receivables from Scott at a discounted rate, from internet research, we found that this is usually a 20% discount. This means that Scott will receive 20% instead of the full 25% of the receivables that they sell. However, when taking into consideration the time value of money, as ell as the 3% of receivables that Scott is unable to collect, obtaining 95% of the receivables by selling it to the bank seems to be the better option. Also, by selling their receivables, Scott will no longer need to implement methods such as hiring more staff to collect late receivables. By selling its receivables, Scott will immediately shorten its cash cycle, as accounts receivable period will only be 30 days. This brings the cash cycle to 23. 1 days, and the operating cycle to 89. 4 days. Alternative 2 A second alternative is to issue preferred equity in the open market. Preferred equity would be preferable because we assume that the market is not perfectly efficient and does not follow the irrelevance of financing construct according to Modigliani and Miller. Because equity prices are going down, existing shareholder`s benefit more from issuing equity such as preferred shares. Raising equity would help finance the dealers in holding higher levels of inventory, which was the initial problem being targeted by the Trust Receipt Plan. The raised amount of equity could also be used to reduce the high debt level and also reducing the high interest payments. This method would take pressure off the repayment timeline imposed by bank debt. Repayment to shareholders can be done on an longer schedule and dividend payments are also optional, compared to interest payments that are not. The problem with this alternative is that shareholder`s will not want to further dilute their profits while not having dividend payouts as tax deductible items. Another reason to raise equity is that our calculations of external fund needs for March 1962 is calculated to be $16. 4 million, $3. 8 million more than the maximum allowed line of credit of $12. 5 million. Alternative 3 After conducting a proforma forecast for the next four quarters, from Dec. 1961 to Sept. 1962, growing at a 25% rate for Sales and Net Income, we noticed that Scott and Sons’ short-term fund needed is not feasible, $12 million cannot cover $16. 4 million that is needed, and that Subordinated debt also exceeds that of the allowed maximum limit, 12million exceeds $11. 135 million that was calculated (Appendix: Equity Working Capital). Thus Scott and Sons’ will not be able to cover the EFN needed in March when sales peak, consequently, we must reduce the demand of EFN through reduction of the targeted growth rate of 25%. Through analyzing Scott’s Balance Sheet, we performed a Dupont analysis, it showed us that a worse situation as the trust plan and financial target of 25% have been implemented. For example, assets turnovers have been reducing from 1. 2840 top 1. 2071 and assets turnover period lengthened from 284 to 304 day (Appendix: Ratios). As Scott and Sons’ business process have been worsening lately, we strongly suggest the firm to stop growing at a farfetched rate of 25%. However, the sales and net income were indeed growing, but at a marginal diminishing fashion. Both sales growth and income growth showed us that the firm has been experience lower growth rate in Net Income and Sales in comparison to the prior period (Appendix: Growth in Accounts). As a result, ROA, ROE and turnover ratios also reflected that profit margin and turnover periods are getting worse in relative terms( Appendix: Dupont Analysis Ratios). As the peak season getting closer, even though income and sales are growing, we still believe that the low profitability certainly needs to be improved by lowering operating expenses and to create a cost effective process in shipping methods EOQ. In summary, with the violation of bank’s covenant and the lack of external fund, Scott will have to grow at sustainable 18. 27% (Appendix: Sustainable Growth Rate) and improve internal business processes to reach a higher level of profit margin, which brings us to the conclusion that 25% growth rate needs to be adjusted in a realistic manner towards better state of business. Conclusion In order to maintain the 25% growth, we need to first of all, abandon the trust receipt plan which causes sales growth rate to drop ever since implementation. e need to adopt alternative 1 (selling receivables) in order to reduce the cash cycle and free up some cash to meet our short term liabilities. Our external fund needed exceeds the maximum allowed line of credit of 12. 5 million according to the performa for March 1962, which means that we have to also incorporate alternative 2 which is to issue equity to cover for extra fund outside of the limit. We will not go with alternative 3 and redu ce growth rate because by capping growth to a sustainable rate, we are also reducing our income. Appendix | | |1957 |1958 |1959 |1960 |1961 | | |1 |Current Ratio |Current Assets/Current |2. 1273 |2. 4821 |1. 9712 |4. 2999 |3. 5864 |getting better | | | |Liabilities | | | | | | | |2 |Quick Ratio |(current assets Inv. )/C. |1. 2245 |1. 5799 |1. 0217 |3. 5346 |2. 8840 |getting better | | | |L. | | | | | | |3 |T. A. Turnover |(operating revenue/avg. |2. 1037 |2. 0360 |1. 4058 |1. 2840 |1. 2071 |getting worse | | | Period |total Assets) | | | | | | | | | | |173. 8 |182. 5 |260. 7 |284. 3 |304. 2 | | |4 |ROA |NI/Total Assets |0. 0508 |0. 784 |0. 0683 |0. 0597 |0. 0439 |getting worse | |5 |Net Profit Margin|NI/operating revenue |0. 0242 |0. 0385 |0. 0486 |0. 0465 |0. 0364 |getting worse | |6 |ROE |NI/Equity |0. 1927 |0. 2768 |0. 2945 |0. 2030 |0. 1679 |getting worse | |7 |Equity Multiplier|Total Assets/ Total shares|3. 7910 |3. 5308 |4. 3107 |3. 4014 |3. 8201 | | |8 |ROE |Profit margin * Assets |0. 1927 |0. 2768 |0. 945 |0. 2030 |0. 1679 |getting a lot | | | |Turnover * equity | | | | | |worse | | | |multiplier | | | | | | | Operating cycle | | |1957 |1958 |1959 |1960 |1961 | |INV Turnover |COGS/ Av INV |6. 62347 |5. 59640 |3. 44899 |7. 7069 |6. 14108 | |Inv Period |365/ INV turnover |55. 10709 |65. 22054 |105. 828 |46. 97139 |59. 4358 | |AR Turnover |Credit Sales/Av AR |7. 07420 |4. 99311 |5. 28016 |2. 43791 |2. 00647 | |AR Period |365/AR Turnover |51. 59591 |73. 10076 |69. 1266 |149. 7182 |181. 911 | |AP Turnover |COGS/AV AP |10. 06029 |8. 86100 |5. 82568 |10. 89817 |5. 0258 | |AP Period |365/AP Turnover |36. 28125 |41. 19172 |62. 6535 |33. 49185 |66. 3325 | | | | | | | | | |Operating cycle |Inventory period + A/R period |106. 703 |138. 32131 |174. 955 |196. 6896 |241. 347 | |Cash cycle |operating cycle A/P period |70. 42175 |97. 12959 |112. 301 |163. 1977 |175. 014 | Free Cash Flow |1957 |1958 |1959 |1960 |1961 | |EBIT |1094. 6 |2165. 5 |3567. 3 |4541. 8 |4368. 1 | |1-Taxes |0. 5 |0. 5 |0. 5 |0. 5 |0. 5 | |Depreciation/Amortization |263. 2 |185. 9 |377. 6 |584. 2 |589. 6 | |Change in CA |- |3784. |5219. 7 |7474. 7 |6552. 6 | |Change in CL | |1154. 1 |3619 |-2250. 5 |2844. 7 | |Change in NWC | |2630 |1600. 7 |9725. 2 |3707. 9 | |Capex | |186 |4925. 1 |638. 8 |366. 8 | |Free Cash Flow | |-1547. 5 |-4364. 55 |-7508. 9 |-1301. 05 | Sustainable Growth Rate | |Earing per share |Dividend |NI |ROE on Beginning Equity |Sustainable Growth | | |0. 99 |0. 099 | $ 2,109. 90 | | | |Retention Rate |0. 99-0. 099 = |0. 891 | $ 10,291. 68 |20. 501% |18. 266% | 1962 March Equity Working Capital Current Assets | | | |$ 28,324 | |Current Liabilities | | |$10,138 | | |LT Debt | | |$ 12,000 | | |Total Debt | | |$22,138 | $ 22,138 | |Equity working Capital | | | |$ 6,186 | | | | | | | |Maximum allowed parent company debt |300% |x |$6,186 |$ 18,558 | | | | | | | |Subordinated Debts Allowed |0. 6 |x | $ 18,558 | $ 11,135 | Ratios Dupont Analysis [pic] QuarterlyPr oforma[pic] Growth in Accounts [pic]

Response to students writings Essays

Response to students writings Essays Response to students writings Essay Response to students writings Essay STUDENT 1: The proposal for the research in NURSING SHORTAGE is certainly inline with the health problems that the country is facing at present. Moreover, the situation is much serious that studying it shall certainly be a great way of contributing to the development of the health industries in the country. The process or methodology that has been presented is actually suffice to answer the issues that the study itself presents to those who are primarily involved within the issue. It could also be helpful to add in several statistical rates that could prove the problem, thus making the study more valid. (Reference: Robert K. Yin. 2002. Applications of Case Study Research Second Edition (Applied Social Research Methods Series Volume 34). Sage Publications, Inc; Second Edition) STUDENT 2: The proposal for studying the causes and effects as well as the treatments needed to deal with obesity is certainly timely, thus the study itself raises the attention of several readers. The approach is also effective. However, being bias could at some point be helpful for the completion of the study, as it would naturally help the readers be argumentative in terms of the facts that are presented to them through the research. (Reference: Robert K. Yin. 2002. Applications of Case Study Research Second Edition (Applied Social Research Methods Series Volume 34). Sage Publications, Inc; Second Edition) STUDENT 3: Obesity is a fine topic. The process of gathering the needed data for the research is also viewed in a positive perspective on the part of the instructor. However, it is also helpful to use statistical data as to how the therapies are given a high regard by experts as they are used to treat obese patients who come in therapeutic appointments to actually ask assistance from the experts on the said field of specialty in health issues. (Reference: Geoffrey R. Marczyk. 2005. Essentials of Research Design and Methodology (Essentials of Behavioral Science). Wiley Publications) STUDENT 4: Present the research in a more in-depth reasoning as to how the topic actually affects the regular activities that are supposed to be dealt with by the individuals involved in the issue. Moreover. A comprehensive explanation of the different phases of obesity and how it affects personal development of individuals is also helpful for the completion of the proposed research issue to be discussed. (Reference: Commission on Health Research for Development. 1990. Health Research: Essential Link to Equity in Development. Oxford University Press, USA) STUDENT 5: The guide questions are good. To add up to a more in-depth discussion of the issue, it is then recommended that the questions still be furnished further so as to address to a more focused situation in smoking and its effects on the society and the individuals involved in smoking themselves. Moreover, it could also be helpful to incite the different issues that are connected with smoking and how it particularly delineates the situation of the already unhealthy individuals. (Reference: Geoffrey R. Marczyk. 2005. Essentials of Research Design and Methodology (Essentials of Behavioral Science). Wiley Publications) STUDENT 6: The competency of nurses as part of the healthcare industry’s growth is indeed an important factor to consider in research. The structure of the questions as major defining factors of the research however needs to be refurnished so as to be more focused and centralized. Statistical measures of the present novice nurses as reported by health institutions around the country could also be helpful in completing this research. (Reference: Commission on Health Research for Development. 1990. Health Research: Essential Link to Equity in Development. Oxford University Press, USA) STUDENT 7: True, the topic may be narrow, however, researching on the in depth analysis of why people are homeless and how they could be helped by government as well as non-government institutions is a fine way of extending the research topic. Being focused is a good way of preparing a research, this would naturally help the student be less cluttered in presenting the factors needed for the validation of the said study. (Reference: Commission on Health Research for Development. 1990. Health Research: Essential Link to Equity in Development. Oxford University Press, USA)

Is patient protection and affordability act really affordable Research Paper

Is patient protection and affordability act really affordable - Research Paper Example According to CBO the Act will not only bend the healthcare cost curve, but will also help in reducing the deficit in the next ten years and beyond (PPACA Detailed Summary, n.d.). The aim of this paper is to evaluate the Act and find out if it is economically viable or not for the Americans. For this purpose I intend to explore the peer reviewed articles in order to understand the economic effects of the Act. Towards the end a conclusion shall be made based on the findings of the research. Howard (2011) has discussed in detail the economic consequences of the Act in his article â€Å"The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on the Economy, Employers and the Workforce†. Howard is of the view that the Act is neither affordable nor a solution to the healthcare problems of the Americans. Instead, it would lead to increased problems and cost pressures along with economic degeneration and unemployment. Reducing the fiscal deficit leads to economic growth and job creation. If the US government continues to spend money without any cost effective plans, the US economy will soon be crippled. Slowing the growth rate of the health care cost is therefore a good option. The Act however asks the middle class to purchase heavily subsidized health care insurance and doubles the size of Medicaid program because of the increased number of insured people. Howard (2011) is of the view that the Act is not a suitable way of bending the cost curve, as mentioned by President Obama. As more and more people are insured, the demand for health services would increase which would mean more expansion and spending on health care projects, such as Medicaid. The Act ensures more spending on health care and increased demand will lead to increased cost of health care goods and services. A prominent economist, Jonathan Gruber (quoted online in California Healthline, 2010), explained the Act as â€Å"a spaghetti approach† to cost control. It is just doing a lot without getting any optimal

International Relations in Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Relations in Future - Essay Example Yet, it is projected, that the basic construct of the international relations will have the same foundations, as it has today. Concepts of realism, liberalism and constructivism are among the most popular in the world of politics today. Understanding the future of the world in line of the same concepts would seem apposite, henceforth. Viewing the world in 2031, the first thing that may come to mind would be the national interest of the countries. Although the total number of countries may well have changed drastically, yet the basic reason why they keep forming and breaking would be the same - the primary interest of each and every one of them. The power struggle would nonetheless still be there, although in quite a different from. Countries would probably take form as 'cyber-states', wherein the interest of the countries would not be till the geographical/political borders, but actually to every nook and corner of the universe till where their electronic influence is involved. This would involve the extensive use of satellite warfare, and even wars over the territory in space! Not gold, not uranium, but the silicon chip will be the most sought after resource, and instead of weapons of mass destructions, a fatal electronic bug would be able to wipe out the entire defenses of the enemy. The concept of liberalism would also be very much in vogue. ... Though people would still have the right to express themselves, the great fear would be not to implore into the domain of the other person. With everyone having a diverse array of personal options available at hand, the exact paradigm of individual preference would be very difficult to determine, and hence the political leaders of every country would have a very difficult time to control the people according to the interest of the country. Constructivism would also have its say 25 years down the line. Establishing goals, ideals and ambitions in conformity with the rest of thee world would be an impossible task. Every person would be a potential friend and a probable terrorist. Transformation in such a time would be very difficult. Political reform would hence only be a consequence of scientific reform. People would only follow what has been conclusively ordained by the wise, and not the mighty. Religious theologies would still grow further apart, with death and destruction happening basically at the onset of intolerance. The political line of reasoning for the present time may seem old-fashioned or even too ambitious for the future - the exact combination of political theories may never be known. However, the reality is that even in Caesar's time, the primary constructs of politics were derived from realism, liberalism and constructivism. Therefore, there is every probability that in the next 25 years as well, the drastic changes in international relations will not be able to change the very foundations upon which the politics are played. Technology cannot change a politician's mind, only interests can. Hence, the changing time will provide changing

Puritanism Versus Deism Analysis

Puritanism Versus Deism Analysis The seventeenth century colonists all respected the Bible. Both Puritans and Deists believed in God. However, the way in which they perceived God in their own lives differed. While Puritans believed God to be all encompassing taking the inevitably evilness of human nature and saving them through his grace; the Deist belief deems that humans are inherently good and the decisions they make ultimately effect their own fate. As shown in the writings of John Winthrop, Michael Wigglesworth, John Dane and Mary Rowlandson, Puritans believed in predestination and that God played an active role in their lives; whereas, Deist Benjamin Franklin believed that God played an inactive role in their daily lives and their fate was consequently left up to their own decisions. Contradictory to the Deist belief, Puritans believe that God has already chosen a path for them through predestination and they have no ability to alter this path. As Wigglesworth discusses Gods grace for those he chooses to save he quotes a New England minister, Thomas Shepard, who believed your best duties are tainted, poisoned, and mingled with some sin, and therefore are most odious in the eyes of a holy God. Your good duties can not save you, yet your bad works will damn you (Wigglesworth, 4). Wigglesworth, following Puritan ideals, believed that good deeds cannot get anyone into heaven (Wigglesworth, 4). Although God had predetermined the people who would go to Heaven and who would go to Hell, it was impossible to know whether one was actually damned to Hell or not. This triggered the question of whether or not to do good things if one was already damned to Hell. As a Puritan ideal, everyone was to live life by doing as much good as possible. While Deists determined their own f ate and could change it based upon decisions they made, Puritans accepted the fact that people were either chosen to be saved and go to Heaven or damned to Hell. In Puritanism saved mothers, fathers, husbands and siblings will be satisfied with the damnation of their relations (Wigglesworth, 4). The Puritans were content in the fact that their God had chosen a path for them that they were not able to alter and accepted that even some of their family members will be damned to Hell. An obvious difference between Puritan and Deist beliefs is the purpose that God takes in ones life. The Puritans believe in an all encompassing God. All good and bad things are acts of God and are not of a persons doing. In this belief both good and bad things are seen in a positive way; times of hardship are just as rewarding as times of benevolence. The majority of Mary Rowlandsons early life was lived in prosperity, everything in perfect harmony while others lived through many trials and afflictions, in sickness, weakness, poverty, losses, crosses, and cares of the World (Rowlandson, 8). During these times of bliss she sometimes wished that she would have her own trials and tribulations so that she would know God was thinking of her. Then, as she had wished for, Mary Rowlandson went through times of hardship. When she was captured and imprisoned for years by the Indians, she thought of these times as beneficial to her. These struggles proved Rowlandson to believe when God calls a person to any thing, and through never so many difficulties, he is fully able to carry them through, and make them see and say they have been gainers thereby (Rowlandson, 8). Instead of dreading times of adversity, Rowlandson saw them as a sense of caring. God cared enough to test her, using her times of struggling to bring her closer to him. In recollection of being captured by the Indians and her imprisonment, Rowlandson says, it is good for me that I have been afflicted (Rowlandson, 8). Without this vital event, she may have never begun to truly rely on God as she did throughout these times. The Puritans believed that good and bad events in their lives were taken by the providence of God or as his punishment (Dane, 9). Dane thinks of the intervention God takes in his life and speaks of how there were many wonderful, unspeakable, unsearchable mercies of a God that taketh care of us when we take no care of ourselves (Dane, 8). Dane viewed the event where he was stung by a wasp as p unishment from God because he did not regularly attend church on Sundays. Puritan belief is that everything is an act of God, meaning our actions are solely based on Gods decisions, not of our own ability to choose what is believed to be the best choice. If God chooses to save someone, he will save them because humans have no ability to save themselves. The Deist Franklins opinion of Gods role in ones life is quite contradictory of that of the Puritans. Deism beliefs are that of Gods inactive role with man. According to Franklin, God is the creator of man but he does not interfere with everyday decisions of humans. God grants man free will and the ability to change ones fate based upon his or her decisions. Deist Franklin believed that one works towards moral perfection through virtuous acts. Consequently, he came up with thirteen virtues that at that time occurrd to [him] as necessary or desirable to achieve moral perfection (Franklin, 12). Where Puritans looked to the Bible as a work of God with specific examples of events that God created in different peoples lives, the Deists believed the Bible to be mostly fables, a collection of stories created to teach lessons and help others achieve this moral excellence (Franklin, 6). To them the Bible was used as a guideline of ideals that are morally acceptable and how the choices one mad e affected the outcome of his or her situation. Franklin attributed any bad or good event in his life to his own doing. He gauged his closeness to God based upon his degree of success. He believed that he had become successful because he had kept his lifestyle close to that of the thirteen virtues. In Deist beliefs, God was not thought of as one who made the ultimate decisions for a person but more so led people in the direction in which was honorably acceptable. Deists believe that humans had the ability to change their own fate. They have free will to make their own decisions and every action and good and bad situation was of their own doing. The process of achieving moral perfection is represented through the idea of self-improvement. People have the ability to choose to better oneself by attempting to imitate that of God. Franklin stated that in an effort to better oneself one should always be employd in something useful [and] cut off all unnecessary actions (Franklin, 13). With the creation of Franklins thirteen virtues(temperance, silence, order, resolution, frugality, industry, sincerity, justice, moderation, cleanliness, tranquility, chastity and humility), Franklin had created his own path and as long as he strove to achieve these virtues, good would happen to him. Franklin, as well as most Deists, believed that one is taught right and wrong and then they are to make decisions based upon these ideals to ultimately decide his or her o wn fate. When Franklin speaks of his attempt at moral perfection he says that I knewà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ what was right and wrong, I did not see why I might not always do the one and avoid the other (Franklin, 12). In Deist Franklins belief of self-improvement it is unacceptable for one to be lethargic; when one is unproductive he or she is not at his or her best. The lack of motivation or desire to be improving oneself decreases their chances of going to Heaven. Rowlandson, Dane, Winthrop, Wigglesworth and Franklin use their first hand experiences to explain the Puritan and Deist beliefs of the 17th century. While the Puritans believed in predestination and every event that occurred in ones life was simply an act of God, the Deists believed in the ability for one to make his or her own decisions and decide his or her fate. God was involved in the everyday life of Puritans; whereas, in Deism God is the creator not and prevalent in the everyday actions of man; he teaches right from wrong but leaves the ultimate decision of ones actions up too him or herself.

deviance :: essays research papers

Deviance is an individual's or group's behavior, ideas, or attributes that some people in society find offensive, wrong, immoral, sinful, evil, strange, or disgusting. This definition consists of three parts. Expectation: Some behavioral expectation must exist. Violation: There must be a real or implied violation of the expectation Reaction: An individual, group, or society must react to the deviance The strain theory by Robert Merton believes that American society pushes individuals toward deviance by overemphasizing the importance of monetary success, while failing to emphasize the legitimate means to achieve that success. Cultural Transmission Theory by Edwin Sutherland states that deviants learn patterns of behavior form the people with whom they associate on a regular basis. Not only do they teach us the techniques for committing deviant acts, but also a set of beliefs and attitudes that justify or rationalize the behavior The Anomie Theory was coined by Emile Durkheim and it refers to the condition of normlessness, in which values and norms have little impact and the culture no longer provides adequate guidlines for behavior. Deviance is also thought of as an individual choice because it appears that the consequences of doing it are more desirable than the consequences of doing something else. The choice is as simple as weighing the pros and cons. Biological theories are a bit weak due to all the exceptions to the rule. William Sheldon proposed that deviance is in the body type. Other theorists say its in the extra Y chromosone Psychologists have attributed antisocial behavior to the conscious mind being too weak to overcome the strength of the id. Labeling theorists attempt to explain how cultural and individual perceptions create and sustain deviant idetities. A deviant is not different from you or I, they are just labeled deviant successfully. Has led sociologists to distinguish between primary and secondary deviance. Primary deviance is the original behavior that leads to the application of the label to an individual. Secondary deviance is the behavior that people develop as a result of having been labeled Functions of Deviance Deviance actually helps teach society's rules providing illustrations of violation. It is functional in that it 1) causes the group's members to close ranks 2) promotes group solidarity 3) help clarify what society really believes in 4)teaches normal behavior by showing us what is abnormal. Durkheim stated that deviance is "an intergral part of all healthy societies." There seems to be a disjunction between means and ends, such as the emphasis on wealth and success without many legitimate means to achieve them.

Equus: Analysis Scenes 20 & 21

Equus scene 20 Introduction: First we will summarize the scene, after that we will analyze the following features. (we will be discussing scene 20 first). Summary: Dysart and Alan are in the office of Dysart, however they are pretending to be at the stables. Dysart asks questions to Alan and Alan answers all of them. Alan tells about his ritual in the stable. He does this ritual every time before he rides a horse. In this ritual he gives the horse sandals and the ‘’Chinkle-chankle’’. Later they go to the place of Ha Ha, which is a big field Alan describes to be full of mist and covered with nettles.Setting: The place is actually in Dysart’s office but they pretend to be in the stable. This is at night or late in the evening, which we can know because Dysart says: ‘’Dalton may still be awake’’ and because Alan says: ‘’he doesn’t like it so late’’. In this sentence he refers to ‘he†™ as Nugget the horse and ‘it’ as the ‘’Chinkle-chankle’’. The stable Alan talks about is home to a couple of horses, including Nugget. Plot development: This scene was actually very predictable. During the previous scene, so scene 19, the events in scene 20 were foreshadowed.In scene 19 Dysart asked many questions to Alan about his rituals with the horses. In this scene Dysart goes on with questioning and asks Alan to do the rituals that he told Dysart about in the previous scene. Alan accepted this and that is why they pretend to be at the stable. This scene builds up tension and again foreshadows what will happen in the next scene, because it has an open end. The next scene will probably be about the rituals too Character development: Alan is different in this scene. In the previous scenes, he did not like to give answers to Dysart’s questions.He wanted to ask him questions in return or he used tools such as the tape recorder. In t his scene Alan answers all of Dysart’s questions without being ashamed, without using tools and without playing games. Next to that, he seems to follow all of Dysart’s instructions without any hesitation. He is not the only character who has developed. Dysart has also developed. In the previous scenes he was someone who did not like his job. He said that he did the job because he had to. In this scene, Dysart seems very interested and wants to know more about Alan.He still is careful with Alan, but he has to watch out because he could become too curious and make actions without thinking about them. Themes: The theme of this scene is religion, because Alan tells more about his god equus. He tells us about the rituals which he has to do in order to ride on Equus. Language: The only striking about the language is that Alan uses the word â€Å"Ha Ha† to describe a place. Alan mysteriously tells Dysart: â€Å"It’s his place of Ha Ha†. Dysart does not as k for more information about this place, so we don’t get to know what happens there†¦ yet.Symbolism: The sandals in the scene are used as a symbol. He gives the sandals to the horse and he kisses them before he does that. There can be two views however. One of them is religious. Alan gives Nugget the sandals. Alan is a boy who knows a lot about the bible so he also knew that Jesus always wore sandals. In this way, Alan symbolizes Jesus. He sees the horse as Jesus. Therefore he gives the horse the sandals to wear, just like Jesus. The other view however is simply to reduce the noise that the horse makes. It is night and Alan wants to do his rituals and ride on the horse.This will make a lot of noise. So in order to prevent people from noticing this or prevent to wake them up, he gives sandals to the horse. Equus scene 21 Summary: Alan and Dysart move on to the huge field. Alan goes on with his rituals. He completely undresses in front of the horse. Next to that he gets hi s ‘’Manbit’’. It is a sacred stick on which he bites. After that he touches the horse everywhere; On its belly, ribs, flank, eyes etc. After that Alan offers Nugget some sugar, in order to take his sins away. Then he mounts the horse and he says that it hurts because of little knives in his skin.Alan calls himself ‘’The king’’ and says that only he can ride Equus, the mightiest of horses. The king (Alan) tramples all of his foes and after that he says: ‘’Equus I love you’’ and ‘’Make us one person! ’’. Finally he drops of the horse to the ground and ends with: ‘’Amen’’. Setting: Alan and Dysart are still in the office of Dysart, however they are still pretending as if they weren’t. Now they pretend to have walked to the huge field. This huge field is full of mist. They went from the stable to the field so we can assume that it is still dark ou tside.We can also assume that it is night because Alan told us in the previous scenes that he does his rituals during the night. It probably is not very cold, otherwise Alan would have had difficulties to stay outside without his clothes. There is also a gate and a tree in the field. We know this because Alan mentioned it. Plot development: This scene is in chronological order with the previous scene. So it was predictable that Alan would go on with his ritual. But the ritual itself was very surprising. It turned from a simple ritual to a very extreme one.We can see that some of these rituals come from Christianity. Alan bows for his god Equus and he talks about sins. The tension from the previous scene gets to its climax where Alan has an intense moment riding Nugget. After that, the action drops significantly when Alan says: â€Å"Amen†. Character development: Alan was already excited during the previous scene, but we have not seen him this excited yet. There is no sign lef t of the shame that Alan had previously. He reveals everything. In the previous scene he just demonstrated a part of his rituals, but now he has shown the extremes of his ritual.He stands firmly behind his thoughts and he shows his love towards his god, Equus. It seems as if he has turned into a radical believer of his own religion. Dysart is still very curious and does not show any signs of feeling weird. He acts as if everything is normal, as if he is a child wanting to know more about football. From all the sentences that Dysart says, only 2 do not end with a question mark. This shows that Dysart is very curious. Theme: The themes of scene 21 are religion and normality. In this scene we learn a lot about the rituals and the religion of Alan.That is why one of the themes is religion. The rituals can be seen as weird. It challenges our sense of what is normal and what is not. With the help of this scene the writer wants to standardize our view on the strange. That is why the second theme of scene 21 is normality. Language: Alan’s use of the language is very striking. He does not use colloquialism. Instead he uses very holy and sacred words. He has created a lot of names for his religion. When Dysart asks him about who his enemies are, Alan gives a lot of new names. He tells us that he is the king and therefore he talks like a king.He also uses heroic language such as: ‘’Equus the Mighty rose against all! ’’ and ‘’His enemies scatter, his enemies fall! ’’. Symbolism: The sugar that Alan gives to the horse is a symbol that is linked to Christianity. By giving the sugar, he offers up his sins to Equus. So the sugar stands for sins. He says that this is his last supper, which refers to the last supper of Jesus. Conclusion: Finally, we could say that scene 20 and 21 are quite strange scenes. We discover what the real Alan is like and we get to understand him better. Especially scene 21 seems to be a very important scene for the whole play,

Is The Ideal Body Image - 1402 Words

Society has an ongoing obsession with body image ideals, especially as it relates to what is considered healthy and fit. Being toned, a certain weight, and having perfect curves and proportions in areas of your body has become as important, if not more important, than strength, speed, and functionality as an athlete. These outside opinions directly affect athletes’ confidence level, and the more society pushes images of what is considered perfect, the more difficult it becomes to maintain self-confidence when we don’t see society’s definition in ourselves. As coaches, especially those of us who coach female athletes, it can challenging to help our athletes understand the difference between the ideal body image in society versus the body†¦show more content†¦These types of confidence we can apply to our competitive and non-competitive athletes alike! Teaching Athletes Why Having Self-Confidence Is So Beneficial Having self-confidence naturally makes us happier, and in turn, it makes us more successful in all the things we do, including physical and mental health and fitness levels of athletes. Sometimes it can be difficult to get our athletes to understand the benefits of being self-confident. So, what are some concepts we can share with athletes to help with this concept? 1. Confidence Creates Positive Vibes: When we are happy, we smile, and smile can change our entire demeanor, attitude, and emotions. Positive affirmations and self-talk will replace negative emotions with positive ones, which will lead to a greater self-image. More positivity leads to more productivity as an athlete (Burton, 2016). 2. Eliminate the Appearance of Self-Doubt: The more confident you become, the less you will stress about irrelevant things in life, and the less you worry about other’s opinions on appearance and capabilities (Beeby, 2012). 3. Eliminating Self-Doubt Creates Greater Self-Worth: Teach your athletes the downfalls of self-doubt. As athletes, if there is self-doubt, there is a tendency not to feel valued. Confidence allows athletes to see how important they are, how what they say and do matters and makes them feel proud of everything accomplished. As coaches, we can teach ourShow MoreRelatedIs It Body Image Ideals?877 Words   |  4 PagesMarilyn Monroe, Pamela Anderson, Ryan Reynolds, Hulk Hogan are just a few examples of what Americas stem as body image ideals. These ideals change from generation to generation, culture to culture, however, their effects seem to expand the turning of time. Body images issues for both men women have created several effects including but not limited to bullying, self-murder, and self-hatred. â€Å"Bullying does not always happen in person. Cyberbullying is a type of bullying that happens online or throughRead MoreBody Image And Dissatisfaction Of The Thin Ideal1577 Words   |  7 Pages Body Image and Dissatisfaction The media’s interpretation of the â€Å"thin ideal† has caused people to modify their personal perception of body image, which is defined as the â€Å"internal representation of one’s own outer appearance reflecting physical and perceptual dimensions† (Borzekowski; Bayer). This notion is akin with self-esteem and self-concept possibly resulting in individuals having an inadequate body image as well as low self-esteem. The term â€Å"body dissatisfaction† is defined as a negativeRead MoreThe For The Perfect Or Ideal Body Image And The Fight Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesThe strive for the perfect or ideal body image and the fight to fit in have become a center stage concern for many adolescence’s. Thus, following body shaming and social media have twisted and distorted the minds of young individuals causing an increasing rise in distorted eating habits and eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia. However, as years have gone on and these problems have surfaced it is only critical that we take into effect just how truly dangerous and life threateningRead MoreMedia s Ideal Body Image1804 Words   |  8 PagesMedia’s â€Å"Ideal Body Image† Magazines, commercials, social media, TV shows, movies, and runways, among other outlets, all contribute to constructing the ideal image of what a â€Å"perfect girl† is supposed to look like. But what exactly is perfection? How can someone possibly define such a dynamic characteristic? These portrayed images of â€Å"perfection† set out by media affect the self- esteem of teenage girls, crate cases of eating disorders, and often create cases of bullying. The media should eliminateRead MoreSociety s Ideal Body Image915 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican society pushes a fantasy of the idealized body through magazines, television, advertising, and social networks. The delusional principles centered on the â€Å"perfect body† have caused women to become insecure and feel less attractive. From a very young age, women are given the message that in order to be happy and pretty, they must look like a Barbie doll. Women need to become aware that society’s ideal body image is not feasible. Your body is merely a vessel that contains the beautiful mindRead MoreThe Social Issue Of Ideal Body Image1838 Words   |  8 Pages Body image is an issue known around the world, just like eating disorders, it is most commonly seen in woman; however, there are men that suffer from this issue as well. The social issue of ideal body image affects people of all ages regardless of gender or ethnicity. Body image is the way one sees their own body in their mind, and they may not feel confident within their own skin, or they may feel unaccepted in society. A person may feel they might not be skinny enough, big enough, tall enoughRead More Male and Female Body Ideals and Image Essays1017 Words   |  5 PagesBody image is defined as â€Å"the subjective image of one’s physical appearance established both by self-observation and observation by others† (Body Image). â€Å"Ideal† body image is constantly re-evaluated throughout the ages. Unfortunately, today, the ideal image is at its height in the American culture. Many factors, such as magazine articles, television shows, and even childhood toys ar e said to have an influence on body dissatisfaction. This negative self-image has caused many dangerous disordersRead MoreThe Medias Dangerous Perception of the Ideal Body Image1274 Words   |  6 Pagesthe human body, and its becoming a dangerous issue. Body image is defined as the way a person perceives their own body and the way a person assumes others perceive them. While it involves a persons â€Å"perception, imagination, emotions, and physical sensations†, body image is a fluid concept that is constantly adapting to their self and to their environment (â€Å"Body Image†). Body image is tightly linked with self-esteem and mental health because â€Å"when [people] feel bad about their bodies, they oftenRead MoreSocial Media s Ideal Body Image For Woman1524 Words   |  7 Pagesand â€Å"womanly† (Merriam Webster/Femininity). When images for â€Å"femininity† are researched, most depict beautiful, perfectly made up, extremely skinny women wearing pink clothing with long, flowing hair. This photo description is social media’s ideal body image for woman. Because of this, sixty nine percent of girls in fifth through twelfth grade reported that pictures on certain types of social media influenced their perception of the ideal body image and forty seven percent of girls in that same ageRead MoreEating Disorders : The Media s Ideal Body Image1861 Words   |  8 Pagesare often exposed to the media s ideal body image, whether it s through magazines, television, toys (e.g. Barbie dolls), or social media, it is almost impossible to avoid it. There are numerous of people who desire to look the way the world defines beauty. And although this may not seem like so much of a bad thing, this can lead to hardships for many people. This type of influence has caused countless individuals to endure an eating disorder in order to get the body they wish to have. Eating disorders